Fig. 6

Effects of PCA and Que on cell necrosis after infection with ETEC K88 in IPEC-1 cells. Cells were cultured in CO₂ incubator of IncuCyte ZOOM™ Live Cell Imaging System for 30 h. Firstly, cells were pre-treated with 40 μmol/L PCA or 10 μmol/L Que for 24 h and then infected with or without 1 × 10⁸ ETEC K88/mL for 6 h. a Dynamic observation of cell necrosis. b Representative images of cell necrosis at 6 h after ETEC K88 treatment (red dye was used to stain necrotic cells). IPEC-1, intestinal porcine epithelial cell 1