Table 1 Concentrations of creatine and its metabolites in the tissues of hybrid striped bass¹

Phase-I hybrid striped bass

 Liver

0% Gly

0.653 ± 0.009

4.07 ± 0.34^b

0.295 ± 0.011^b

0.428 ± 0.019

0.722 ± 0.020^b

1% Gly

0.666 ± 0.008

4.94 ± 0.36^a,b

0.364 ± 0.014^a

0.455 ± 0.026

0.819 ± 0.037^a

2% Gly

0.660 ± 0.003

5.69 ± 0.39^a

0.414 ± 0.031^a

0.465 ± 0.038

0.878 ± 0.041^a

P-value

0.452

0.017

0.002

0.648

0.013

 Kidney

0% Gly

1.27 ± 0.022

30.7 ± 2.0^c

2.59 ± 0.05^c

4.46 ± 0.27

7.05 ± 0.27^b

1% Gly

1.27 ± 0.024

48.8 ± 2.2^b

3.03 ± 0.08^b

4.64 ± 0.35

7.67 ± 0.29^b

2% Gly

1.31 ± 0.038

76.6 ± 4.6^a

3.71 ± 0.13^a

4.87 ± 0.29

8.58 ± 0.30^a

P-value

0.538

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.642

0.004

 Skeletal muscle

0% Gly

11.3 ± 0.40

61.5 ± 3.6^c

32.0 ± 0.34^b

58.3 ± 1.9^b

90.2 ± 2.0^b

1% Gly

11.4 ± 0.33

73.4 ± 1.4^b

36.9 ± 1.0^a

75.1 ± 2.5^a

112 ± 2.2^a

2% Gly

10.8 ± 0.37

86.3 ± 5.8^a

38.8 ± 1.6^a

77.1 ± 2.5^a

116 ± 3.1^a

P-value

0.478

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Proximal intestine

0% Gly

2.07 ± 0.026

37.2 ± 1.8^b

2.12 ± 0.04

4.57 ± 0.20

6.69 ± 0.20

1% Gly

1.99 ± 0.028

39.9 ± 0.75^a,b

2.11 ± 0.03

4.79 ± 0.33

6.90 ± 0.35

2% Gly

2.03 ± 0.036

42.5 ± 1.1^a

2.22 ± 0.06

5.07 ± 0.42

7.29 ± 0.44

P-value

0.200

0.029

0.187

0.569

0.471

 Plasma

0% Gly

0.053 ± 0.002

0.021 ± 0.001^c

0.214 ± 0.007^b

ND

0.214 ± 0.007^b

1% Gly

0.051 ± 0.002

0.025 ± 0.001^b

0.244 ± 0.006^a

ND

0.244 ± 0.006^a

2% Gly

0.051 ± 0.003

0.029 ± 0.001^a

0.247 ± 0.005^a

ND

0.247 ± 0.005^a

P-value

0.798

 < 0.001

0.001

−

0.001

Phase-II hybrid striped bass

 Liver

0% Gly

0.705 ± 0.026

ND

0.400 ± 0.039

0.517 ± 0.030

0.917 ± 0.027

1% Gly

0.700 ± 0.032

ND

0.437 ± 0.042

0.569 ± 0.031

1.01 ± 0.042

2% Gly

0.680 ± 0.006

ND

0.461 ± 0.040

0.585 ± 0.028

1.05 ± 0.044

P-value

0.742

−

0.569

0.261

0.063

 Head kidney

0% Gly

1.82 ± 0.015

ND

1.97 ± 0.06

3.88 ± 0.35

5.85 ± 0.386

1% Gly

1.82 ± 0.025

ND

1.94 ± 0.12

3.95 ± 0.22

5.89 ± 0.311

2% Gly

1.81 ± 0.021

ND

1.95 ± 0.06

4.21 ± 0.20

6.16 ± 0.219

P-value

0.926

−

0.970

0.661

0.751

 Tail kidney

0% Gly

0.266 ± 0.020

22.8 ± 2.8

3.60 ± 0.20

4.10 ± 0.20^b

7.67 ± 0.33^b

1% Gly

0.255 ± 0.018

24.5 ± 3.4

3.61 ± 0.20

5.15 ± 0.47^a

8.76 ± 0.57^a,b

2% Gly

0.289 ± 0.016

26.7 ± 2.8

3.82 ± 0.15

5.91 ± 0.30^a

9.73 ± 0.43^a

P-value

0.414

0.661

0.647

0.005

0.015

 Skeletal muscle

0% Gly

8.37 ± 0.28

507 ± 50

36.2 ± 0.84^c

67.0 ± 2.3^c

103 ± 3.0^c

1% Gly

8.39 ± 0.24

511 ± 35

41.4 ± 1.4^b

82.0 ± 3.8^b

123 ± 5.0^b

2% Gly

8.15 ± 0.31

542 ± 37

45.8 ± 1.5^a

93.2 ± 4.9^a

139 ± 6.2^a

P-value

0.797

0.810

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Pancreas

0% Gly

0.726 ± 0.010

11.4 ± 1.1^b

0.80 ± 0.04^c

1.05 ± 0.11^c

1.84 ± 0.12^c

1% Gly

0.720 ± 0.013

14.2 ± 1.0^a,b

1.04 ± 0.04^b

1.75 ± 0.14^b

2.79 ± 0.11^b

2% Gly

0.732 ± 0.016

16.2 ± 1.5^a

1.43 ± 0.05^a

2.20 ± 0.12^a

3.63 ± 0.16^a

P-value

0.816

0.033

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Proximal intestine

0% Gly

2.37 ± 0.027

35.4 ± 2.6

2.96 ± 0.14

3.71 ± 0.77

6.67 ± 0.65

1% Gly

2.20 ± 0.089

31.0 ± 2.6

2.90 ± 0.25

4.38 ± 0.70

7.27 ± 0.85

2% Gly

2.35 ± 0.048

37.5 ± 2.3

2.75 ± 0.11

4.86 ± 0.75

7.61 ± 0.67

P-value

0.126

0.198

0.693

0.554

0.658

 Plasma

0% Gly

0.058 ± 0.017

0.035 ± 0.001^c

0.240 ± 0.011^b

ND

0.240 ± 0.013^b

1% Gly

0.057 ± 0.018

0.040 ± 0.002^b

0.277 ± 0.011^a

ND

0.277 ± 0.011^a

2% Gly

0.058 ± 0.009

0.046 ± 0.001^a

0.285 ± 0.009^a

ND

0.285 ± 0.009^a

P-value

0.999

 < 0.001

0.020

−

0.020