Fig. 5

Effects of BAs on hepatic BA composition in broiler chickens fed diets with different fat levels. A PCA 2D Analysis; B PCA 3D Analysis; C Composition of BAs; D Ratio of Non 12-OH/12-OH BAs; E Content of Non 12-OH BAs and 12-OH BAs. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. E displays the color coding used for BA types. The red color indicates 12-OH BAs, while the blue color represents Non 12-OH BAs. Specifically, 12-OH BAs consist of TCA, CA, NorCA, DCA, beta-CA, and ACA. Non 12-OH BAs encompass TCDCA, CDCA, alloLCA, LCA, isoLCA, 7-ketoLCA, HDCA, alpha-MCA, beta-MCA, UCA, GHDCA, GCDCA, GUDCA, TLCA, and THDCA + TUDCA. The asterisk (*) in Panel E highlights the disparity in Non 12-OH BA content between the compared groups