Fig. 3

Effects of amino acid combinations with different patterns on hepatic enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters of AA broilers (female). A Transamination pathway; B Fat synthesis pathway; C Gluconeogenic pathway; D Cholesterol synthesis pathway; E Uric acid excretion pathway. Con(+): The normal-protein control group; Con(-): The low-protein control group; L&A(-): The lysine and arginine restriction group; L&A(+): The lysine and arginine supplementation group; M&C(-): The methionine and cysteine restriction group; M&C(+): The methionine and cysteine supplementation group; BCAA(-): The BCAA restriction group; BCAA(+): The BCAA supplementation group; Thr(-): The threonine restriction group; Thr(+): The threonine supplementation group; Trp(-): The tryptophan restriction group; Trp(+): The tryptophan supplementation group; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TG: Triglyceride; ACC: Acetyl CoA carboxylase; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; GLU: Blood glucose; G6PC: Glucose-6-phosphatase; PC: Pyruvate carboxylase; TC: Cholesterol; HMGR: HMG CoA reductase; XOD: Xanthine oxidase; BUN: Urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid