In ovo delivery of carvacrol triggers expression of chemotactic factors, antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory pathways in the yolk sac of broiler chicken embryos

Table 2 Differentially expressed genes^a in immunomodulatory pathways in the yolk sac^b affected by in ovo carvacrol delivery

Gene	Log fold change	P-value	Expression^c in control group (saline)	Expression in carvacrol group
AQP1	0.72	0.021	1,131 ± 242	2,053 ± 258
AvBD1	0.83	0.021	3,821 ± 712	7,550 ± 1,558
AvBD10	1.18	0.010	1,273 ± 236	3,244 ± 813
AvBD6	1.21	0.002	265 ± 31	678 ± 164
AvBD7	0.82	0.033	1,743 ± 473	3,424 ± 671
CASP18	0.60	0.048	33 ± 5	54 ± 6
CATH1	0.95	0.024	314 ± 56	674 ± 183
CATH2	0.83	0.038	443 ± 83	883 ± 215
CCL5	−2.07	0.008	72 ± 45	19 ± 4
COLEC10	0.56	0.050	435 ± 89	708 ± 81
CX3CR1	1.27	0.020	5 ± 2	12 ± 3
DEFB4A	0.82	0.027	2,435 ± 498	4,755 ± 988
IKBKE	0.55	0.027	99 ± 16	160 ± 12
IL18	1.01	0.013	86 ± 18	198 ± 46
LYG2	0.87	0.001	1,566 ± 277	3,187 ± 399
NEK7	−0.60	0.046	2,692 ± 557	2,013 ± 295
PLCB2	0.55	0.047	90 ± 12	145 ± 20
RSFR	0.88	0.012	564 ± 71	1,159 ± 250
TMEM173	0.59	0.025	84 ± 3	139 ± 16
TRPM2	0.97	0.050	12 ± 3	25 ± 6

AQP1 Aquaporin 1, AvBD1 Avian beta-defensin 1, AvBD6 Avian beta-defensin 6, AvBD7 Avian beta-defensin 7, AvBD10 Avian beta-defensin 10, CASP18 Initiator caspase, CATH1 Cathelicidin-1, CATH2 Cathelicidin-2, CCL5 C-C motif chemokine ligand, COLEC10 Collectin subfamily member 10, CX3CR1 C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1, DEFB4A Defensin beta 4 A, IKBKE Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon, IL18 Interleukin 18, LYG2 Lysozyme g2, NEK7 NIMA related kinase 7, PLCB2 Phospholipase C beta 2, RSFR Leukocyte ribonuclease A-2, TMEM173 Transmembrane protein 173, TRPM2 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2
^aGenes involved in immunomodulatory pathways found in Table 1
^bYolk sac of broiler chicken embryos at embryonic day 19.5
^cGene expression is shown as Fragments Per Kilobase per Millon mapped reads (Mean ± SE)

ISSN: 2049-1891