Effects of spray dried plasma on litter growth performance and oxidative stress and inflammation of sows kept in a hot environment

Table 5 Blood cell counts, indicators of oxidative stress, and cytokines of young and mature sows during lactation^1,2

Parity:	Young		Mature		Pooled SEM	P-value³			Day of lactation			Pooled SEM	P-value⁴
SDP, %:	‒	0.50	‒	0.50	Pooled SEM	D	P	D × P	1	10	20	Pooled SEM	L	Q
WBC, × 10³/µL	12.19^ab	13.06^a	11.82^ab	10.72^b	0.58	0.799	0.003	0.031	10.29	13.30	12.26	0.50	< 0.001	< 0.001
Neutrophils⁵	51.43	52.51	56.87	56.24	1.72	0.893	0.010	0.622	53.32	53.84	55.62	1.43	0.240	0.716
Lymphocytes⁵	39.18	36.43	31.81	33.80	1.57	0.808	0.002	0.135	36.12	35.74	34.06	1.27	0.230	0.672
Oxidative stress⁶
MDA, nmol/mL	1.45	1.64	1.49	1.46	0.16	0.282	0.388	0.160	1.26	1.69	1.62	0.16	< 0.001	0.005
GPX1, ng/mL	0.43	0.41	0.35	0.31	0.04	0.453	0.019	0.777	0.32	0.42	0.37	0.03	0.013	< 0.001
Cytokines⁶, ng/mL
IFN-γ	34.78	67.02	36.84	68.75	15.67	0.002	0.837	0.938	44.51	52.12	51.62	11.32	0.003	0.053
IL-1α	0.33	0.75	0.69	1.22	0.16	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.506	0.62	0.69	0.72	0.08	< 0.001	0.499
IL-1β	1.64	4.77	3.88	8.12	1.29	< 0.001	0.002	0.465	3.83	3.99	4.07	0.55	0.110	0.729
IL-1Ra	1.86	4.23	3.90	7.22	1.03	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.552	4.63	3.35	3.70	0.62	0.002	< 0.001
IL-2	1.78	4.63	3.80	7.23	1.03	< 0.001	0.002	0.421	3.55	4.00	4.12	0.49	< 0.001	0.198
IL-4	9.60	28.93	27.46	62.19	10.77	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.583	22.73	27.59	28.81	4.23	< 0.001	0.105
IL-6	0.97	2.14	1.90	4.35	0.58	< 0.001	0.001	0.918	1.90	2.05	2.17	0.21	0.001	0.800
IL-8	0.17	0.23	0.20	0.47	0.06	0.003	0.031	0.173	0.42	0.18	0.19	0.03	< 0.001	< 0.001
IL-10	4.37	9.93	8.46	17.73	2.30	< 0.001	0.002	0.835	8.53	8.91	9.53	0.90	0.015	0.755
IL-12	1.76	3.28	2.91	5.51	0.66	< 0.001	0.002	0.961	2.91	3.12	3.27	0.35	< 0.001	0.661
IL-18	7.25	17.46	15.11	32.21	4.49	< 0.001	0.001	0.762	14.42	16.08	16.86	1.97	< 0.001	0.354
TNF-α	0.13	0.37	0.24	0.69	0.13	< 0.001	0.041	0.985	0.28	0.30	0.31	0.05	0.050	0.907

^a,bMeans within a row lacking a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.05)
¹Data are least square means of 13 to 21 observations per treatment
²GPX1 Glutathione peroxidase 1, IFN-γ Interferon-gamma, IL- Interleukin-, IL-1Ra Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, MDA Malondialdehyde, SDP Spray dried plasma, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, WBC White blood cell
³P-values were calculated for the main effects of diet (D) and parity (P) and the interaction between diet and parity (D × P)
⁴P-values were calculated to test the linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects of day
⁵Neutrophils and lymphocytes are a % of white blood cells measured in the whole blood
⁶Values were log10 transformed before analysis to obtain a normal distribution, but data are shown as back-transformed least square means

ISSN: 2049-1891