Fig. 7

Autophagic activation alleviated BHB induced mtDNA released and inflammation response. A Relative mRNA levels of cGAS, STING, and TBK1. B Western blotting for cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, and TBK1 in MAC-T. C–E Relative protein levels of cGAS, STING, and p-TBK1/TBK1. F Western blotting for p-P65, p65, p-IκB, and IκB in MAC-T. G and H Relative protein levels of p-P65/P65 and p-IκB/IκB. I Relative mRNA levels of IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-α. MAC-T were pretreated with or without 100 nmol/L Rapa for 2 h and then stimulated with 0 and 2.4 mmol/L BHB for 24 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Different letters, determined using one-way ANOVA, indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups