Fig. 5

Dietary supplementation of MAP improved the cecal redox capacity and the TCA cycle of broilers. A H₂O₂ in cecal contents. B–D Serum MDA (B), ROS (C) and T-AOC levels (D). E–I Mucosal MDA (E), H₂O₂ (F), NADPH (G), cecal DHE staining (H) and ROS fluorescence intensity (I). J Mucosal GSH/GSSG ratio. K mRNA expression in redox. L–O Mucosal AKG (L), succinic acid (M), MA (N) and lactic acid (O). P Diagram of the mechanism of MA in the TCA cycle. The values are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 10). * and ** indicate differences of P ≤ 0.05, and P ≤ 0.01, respectively