Table 3 Ferroptosis regulation by nutrients in pigs and some medical/mice models

Selenium

DON-induced intestinal injury in mice

Increase levels of GPX4 and 4-HNE by activating PI3K/AKT pathway

[64]

Selenium

Cerebral I/R injury in MCAO model mice and OGD/R model of N2a cells

Upregulate expression of Mfn1 to alleviate oxidative stress and ferroptosis by promoting mitochondrial fusion

[65]

Selenium 

Autism spectrum disorder model mice

Inhibit ferroptosis by regulating Nrf2/GPX4 pathway

[66]

Selenium 

Hemorrhagic stroke model mice and HT22 murine hippocampal cells

Augment the transcription of GPX4 via coordinated activation of the transcription factors TFAP2c and Sp1

[67]

Glycine

Diquat-induced intestinal injury in pigs

Upregulate expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, and downregulate expression of TFR1 in ileum

[68]

Glycine 

Diquat-induced hepatic injury in pigs

Downregulate expression of TFR1

[69]

L-citrulline

Iron overload-induced intestine injury in mice and IPEC-J2 cells

Downregulate expression of TFR, FTH, and NCOA4;

Improve oxidative stress by regulating AMPK signaling pathway

[54]

Fish skin gelatin peptides and Gly-Pro-Ala peptide

DON-induced toxicity in mice and IPEC-J2 cells

Inhibit ROS and MDA production and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity by promoting Nrf2 migration

[70]

Lentil peptides

Anemic Caco-2 cells

Downregulate expression of DMT1 and TFR

[71]

Vitamin E

T cell-specific Gpx4-deficient mice with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Leishmania major parasite infections

Upregulate expression of GPX4

[72]

Vitamin E 

Mice

Deplete liver iron stores by suppressing Nrf2 and enhance iron efflux by upregulating expression of liver FPN

[73]

Vitamin E 

Mice with conditional deletion of Gpx4 in hepatocytes along with lacking Txnrd1 and selenocysteine tRNA in hepatocytes

Inhibit lipid peroxidation

[74]

Holly polyphenols

Diquat-induced hepatic and intestinal injury in pigs

Upregulate expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 and downregulate expression of TFR

[56, 75]

Hesperidin

DON-induced intestinal injury in pigs

Exert protective effects on intestinal epithelium barrier and mitochondria via inhibiting ER-mitochondrial calcium transfer mediated by IP3Rs

[76]

Quercetin

DON-induced intestinal injury in mice

Decrease the levels of TFR, ACSL4, and 4-HNE, and increase the expression of FTH1, SLC7A11, GPX4, FPN1, and FSP1

[77]

Resveratrol

Intestinal I/R mice model and Caco-2 hypoxia-reoxygenation model

Activate SIRT3/FoxO3a pathway, increase the expression of SOD2 and catalase, and inhibit ROS generation

[78]

Resveratrol 

DON-exposed HepG2 cells

Activate SLC7A11-GSH-GPX4 signaling pathway

[79]

Lycopene

Mycotoxins (ZEN + DON + AFB1)-induced intestinal injury in mice

Downregulate expression of TFR1, FTH1, and SLC3A2

[80]

Lycopene

Atrazine-induced hippocampus injury in mice

Upregulate expression of Nrf2 and SLC7A11

[81]

Glycyrrhetinic acid

DON-induced hepatic damage in mice and AML12 cells

Inhibit NCOA4 signaling pathway

[82]

Epigallocatechin gallate

Iron overload-induced hepatic damage in mice

Elevate antioxidant capacity by increasing Nfr2 and GPX4 expression and attenuate iron metabolism disorders by upregulating FTH and FTL expression

[83]

Astragalus polysaccharide

DSS-induced colitis in mice, and RSL3-stimulated Caco-2 cells

Decrease expression of FTH and FTL and the levels of MDA, GSH, and iron load via inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

[84]