Fig. 1

FPM reduced ROS production, strengthened barrier integrity and enhanced cell migration in IPEC-J2 cells. (a) ROS assay with QUE or FPM treatment and oxidative stress using AAPH. AUC of fluorescence in the stress phase represents ROS levels. Three independent experiments in triplicates (n = 9). (b) TEER values of cells on cell culture inserts recorded during FPM pretreatment and oxidative stress with tBHP. Four independent experiments in triplicates (basal phase: n = 24 for control and n = 12 for FPM; stress phase: n = 12). (c) (1) For cell migration analysis a cell monolayer in 24-well plates was scratched with a pipette tip. (2) FPM was added to the cells and (3) brightfield images were taken every 15 min. (d) Cell front velocity of the scratch closure. Five independent experiments in duplicates (n = 10). ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 and ns P ≥ 0.05, compared to oxidative stress control [(a), (b) stress phase] or untreated control [(b) basal phase, (d)] (one-way ANOVA).