Fig. 7

GC-MS and ROS inhibition analysis of FPM with and without volatile compounds. (a) GC-MS chromatograms comparing FPM and volatile-depleted FPM. (b) ROS inhibition assay in IPEC-J2 cells comparing antioxidant activities of FPM and FPM without volatile compounds. Three independent experiments in triplicates (n = 9). ****P < 0.0001, compared to oxidative stress control (one-way ANOVA). For comparison of FPM with and without volatiles **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 and ns P ≥ 0.05 (unpaired t-test)