Fig. 7

Analysis of microbial diversity and genus-level differential bacteria from in vitro fermentation experiment. A, C, E Substrate with milk replacer. B, D, F Substrate with milk replacer and starter mixture. A and B Shannon index (NS: not significant). C and D PCoA plots showing principal coordinate components (percentages indicate variance explained). E and F LEfSe analysis of differentially abundant genera (LDA score > 2, P < 0.05). Control, blank medium for substrate; Microbe, the substrate contained 10⁹ CFU/mL of P. distasonis F4