Fig. 5

Effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on cecum microorganisms in broilers with NE. A and B Chao and Shannon indices of α diversity, respectively; C NMDS plot of species distribution; D Differences in β diversity; E shows the abundance of cecum microorganisms at the order level; F t-test results for species differences at the order level; G Abundance of cecum microorganisms at the genus level; H t-test results for species differences at the genus level. P < 0.05 is marked as *, P < 0.01 as **, P < 0.001 as ***, and 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.1 as #. PC: positive control group; SA: 500 mg/kg salinomycin group; UA: 300 mg/kg usnic acid group; UTA: 500 mg/kg tannic acid + 300 mg/kg usnic acid group. n = 5