Table 1 AFB1 concentrations in feedsa
From: Contamination of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China from 2021 to 2024
Item | Year | Number of samples | Positive samples, μg/kg | Over standard rate, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Mean | Median | Maximum | ||||
Corn | 2021 | 636 | 66.7 | 7.5 | 2.4 | 95.6 | 1.6 |
2022 | 1,007 | 70.9 | 10.9 | 3.7 | 214.0 | 2.3 | |
2023 | 335 | 83.9 | 10.6 | 3.0 | 180.8 | 3.3 | |
2024 | 757 | 61.3 | 80.1 | 3.7 | 1,720 | 7.9 | |
Dried distillers grains with solubles | 2021 | 175 | 82.9 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 24.7 | 0 |
2022 | 149 | 77.2 | 6.0 | 2.2 | 38.1 | 0 | |
2023 | 71 | 80.3 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 93.1 | 2.8 | |
2024 | 460 | 90.9 | 136.4 | 15.8 | 4,490 | 3.5 | |
Corn gluten meal | 2021 | 408 | 92.6 | 17.7 | 7.2 | 806.0 | 6.1 |
2022 | 274 | 90.5 | 11.0 | 5.8 | 122.3 | 1.8 | |
2023 | 163 | 94.5 | 19.7 | 7.5 | 189.4 | 11.0 | |
2024 | 146 | 100 | 32.8 | 23.9 | 167.8 | 16.4 | |
Corn germ meal | 2021 | 278 | 98.2 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 37.7 | 0 |
2022 | 63 | 92.1 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 25.5 | 0 | |
2023 | 45 | 95.6 | 24.4 | 17.4 | 119.1 | 13.3 | |
2024 | 385 | 87.8 | 18.5 | 5.8 | 650 | 0.3 | |
Corn bran | 2021 | 12 | 100 | 7.7 | 5.0 | 26.8 | 0 |
2022 | 9 | 100 | 14.8 | 4.1 | 91.1 | 11.1 | |
2023 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
2024 | 1 | 100 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 0 | |
Wheat | 2021 | 160 | 72.5 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 37.5 | 0.6 |
2022 | 5 | 20.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 | |
2023 | 43 | 76.7 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 17.9 | 0 | |
2024 | 13 | 84.6 | 742.1 | 6.9 | 2,380 | 30.8 | |
Wheat flour | 2021 | 41 | 61.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 0 |
2022 | 4 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 0 | |
2023 | 21 | 42.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0 | |
2024 | 2 | 100 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 0 | |
Wheat bran | 2021 | 26 | 69.2 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 9.5 | 0 |
2022 | 10 | 90.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 0 | |
2023 | 2 | 100 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0 | |
2024 | 7 | 85.7 | 850.0 | 770.0 | 1,610 | 85.7 | |
Peanut meal | 2021 | 1,116 | 99.1 | 31.3 | 26.0 | 195 | 14.0 |
2022 | 696 | 95.8 | 58.9 | 35.2 | 617.3 | 32.9 | |
2023 | 433 | 98.4 | 46.2 | 28.0 | 417.8 | 30.5 | |
2024 | 220 | 98.6 | 46.7 | 25.6 | 254.1 | 32.3 | |
Cottonseed meal | 2021 | 22 | 90.9 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 13.5 | 0 |
2022 | 13 | 92.3 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 28.4 | 0 | |
2023 | 14 | 100 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 15.9 | 0 | |
2024 | 3 | 100 | 14.8 | 17.8 | 20.2 | 0 | |
Soybean meal | 2021 | 21 | 90.5 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 15.9 | 0 |
2022 | 5 | 60.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0 | |
2023 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
2024 | 2 | 100 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 0 | |
Brown rice | 2021 | 30 | 66.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 0 |
2022 | 12 | 66.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 0 | |
2023 | 3 | 66.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0 | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Distiller's grains | 2021 | 10 | 90.0 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 0 |
2022 | 28 | 100 | 15.0 | 4.7 | 90.9 | 17.9 | |
2023 | 28 | 89.3 | 9.3 | 4.2 | 43.1 | 32.1 | |
2024 | 3 | 100 | 43.5 | 44.4 | 45.5 | 0 | |
Corn sugar residue | 2021 | 11 | 63.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 0 |
2022 | 26 | 80.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 0 | |
2023 | 4 | 100 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 10.7 | 0 | |
2024 | 1 | 100 | 185.2 | 185.2 | 185.2 | 100 | |
Sugar residue | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2022 | 10 | 90.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 3.9 | 0 | |
2023 | 10 | 100 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 17.3 | 0 | |
2024 | 2 | 100 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 13.6 | 0 | |
Nucleotide residue | 2021 | 10 | 100 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 16.9 | 0 |
2022 | 1 | 100 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0 | |
2023 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Complete pig feed | 2021 | 42 | 95.2 | 3.8 | 5 | 5.8 | 0 |
2022 | 73 | 28.8 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 15.3 | 1.3 | |
2023 | 33 | 81.8 | 7.3 | 1.7 | 133.8 | 3.0 | |
2024 | 83 | 100 | 376.4 | 390 | 810 | 85.5 | |
Complete poultry feed | 2021 | 948 | 86.9 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 63.7 | 0.7 |
2022 | 867 | 83.9 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 21.4 | 1.4 | |
2023 | 829 | 87.8 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 774.8 | 1.9 | |
2024 | 488 | 95.5 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 78.9 | 1.6 | |
Complete ruminant feed | 2021 | 3 | 100 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0 |
2022 | 4 | 75 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 0 | |
2023 | 12 | 66.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0 | |
2024 | 2 | 100 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0 | |