Table 3 ZEN concentrations in feedsa
From: Contamination of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China from 2021 to 2024
Item | Year | Number of samples | Positive samples, μg/kg | Over standard rate, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Mean | Median | Maximum | ||||
Corn | 2021 | 779 | 95.4 | 135.0 | 59.4 | 4,663.9 | 3.7 |
2022 | 1,190 | 97.9 | 319.2 | 123.0 | 10,958 | 16.5 | |
2023 | 475 | 88.4 | 242.7 | 59.5 | 5,482.8 | 9.5 | |
2024 | 918 | 81.1 | 176.0 | 90 | 2,983.4 | 4.6 | |
Dried distillers grains with solubles | 2021 | 228 | 100 | 324.6 | 268.7 | 1,246.8 | 0 |
2022 | 234 | 100 | 890.1 | 448.7 | 4,871 | 14.9 | |
2023 | 104 | 100 | 621.6 | 219.9 | 4,272.3 | 18.3 | |
2024 | 457 | 92.8 | 611.4 | 538 | 4,101.6 | 4.2 | |
Corn gluten meal | 2021 | 169 | 99.4 | 1,241.7 | 561.1 | 10,247 | 52.1 |
2022 | 205 | 100 | 2,947.7 | 673.8 | 30,154 | 57.1 | |
2023 | 103 | 100 | 1,517.0 | 614.0 | 7,293.2 | 53.4 | |
2024 | 114 | 100 | 3,341.6 | 2,566.4 | 10,345.1 | 75.4 | |
Corn germ meal | 2021 | 60 | 100 | 556.6 | 469.4 | 3,247 | 40.0 |
2022 | 32 | 100 | 1,773.9 | 885.5 | 9,494.4 | 71.9 | |
2023 | 46 | 100 | 812.8 | 926.8 | 2,167.5 | 67.4 | |
2024 | 378 | 96.6 | 488.1 | 315 | 4,144 | 28.6 | |
Corn bran | 2021 | 5 | 100 | 1,737.2 | 1,824.7 | 2,203.3 | 80.0 |
2022 | 5 | 100 | 974.6 | 454.2 | 2,041.6 | 40.0 | |
2023 | 1 | 100 | 572.1 | 572.1 | 572.1 | 0 | |
2024 | 12 | 100 | 186.9 | 119.4 | 716.6 | 0 | |
Wheat | 2021 | 138 | 100 | 74.5 | 48.9 | 548.2 | 0 |
2022 | 20 | 85.0 | 470.6 | 493.0 | 1,902 | 5.0 | |
2023 | 79 | 96.2 | 53.4 | 24.8 | 922.4 | 0 | |
2024 | 21 | 90.5 | 43.2 | 43.49 | 81.0 | 0 | |
Wheat Flour | 2021 | 13 | 100 | 125.9 | 74.8 | 317.3 | 0 |
2022 | 5 | 100 | 20.6 | 18.7 | 38.9 | 0 | |
2023 | 26 | 100 | 24.1 | 19.1 | 48.6 | 0 | |
2024 | 4 | 100 | 21.2 | 23.9 | 26.6 | 0 | |
Wheat bran | 2021 | 25 | 96.0 | 94.6 | 50 | 852.3 | 0 |
2022 | 31 | 90.3 | 1,016.6 | 626 | 6,124 | 29.0 | |
2023 | 23 | 100 | 611.3 | 430 | 1,846.0 | 34.8 | |
2024 | 2 | 100 | 23.8 | 13.8 | 16.2 | 0 | |
Peanut meal | 2021 | 10 | 100 | 115.1 | 44.7 | 311.6 | 0 |
2022 | 8 | 100 | 27.4 | 22.4 | 90.0 | 0 | |
2023 | 13 | 100 | 35.3 | 28.8 | 72.9 | 0 | |
2024 | 3 | 100 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 25.1 | 0 | |
Soybean meal | 2021 | 14 | 100 | 84.5 | 67.3 | 222.1 | 0 |
2022 | 8 | 100 | 77.1 | 48.9 | 246.2 | 0 | |
2023 | 4 | 100 | 132.1 | 159.5 | 188.7 | 0 | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Cottonseed meal | 2021 | 3 | 100 | 98.5 | 76.7 | 159.6 | 0 |
2022 | 10 | 100 | 39.0 | 27.1 | 83.4 | 0 | |
2023 | 1 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 0 | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Brown rice | 2021 | 27 | 100 | 76.2 | 6.7 | 468 | 0 |
2022 | 8 | 100 | 140.0 | 83.2 | 538.9 | 0 | |
2023 | 9 | 100 | 273.7 | 88.3 | 1,668.8 | 11.1 | |
2024 | 1 | 100 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 0 | |
Distiller's grains | 2021 | 10 | 100 | 872.2 | 119.0 | 4,663.9 | 20.0 |
2022 | 40 | 100 | 1,014.6 | 408.9 | 10,203.1 | 12.5 | |
2023 | 14 | 100 | 392.1 | 301.5 | 1,161.1 | 7.1 | |
2024 | 6 | 100 | 2,800.9 | 1,424.4 | 9,962.3 | 66.7 | |
Corn sugar residue | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2022 | 31 | 100 | 404.1 | 394.5 | 1,367.9 | 25.8 | |
2023 | 3 | 100 | 185.1 | 164.2 | 230.8 | 0 | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sugar residue | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | -Â |
2022 | 11 | 100 | 653.7 | 505.5 | 1,825.8 | 18.2 | |
2023 | 4 | 100 | 849.4 | 661.3 | 1,834.4 | 25.0 | |
2024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Complete pig feed | 2021 | 84 | 92.9 | 72.7 | 50 | 3,307 | 13.1 |
2022 | 143 | 100 | 542.2 | 554 | 1,175.0 | 85.3 | |
2023 | 76 | 100 | 110.2 | 52.7 | 849.3 | 17.1 | |
2024 | 81 | 100 | 64.7 | 44.5 | 229.7 | 3.7 | |
Complete poultry feed | 2021 | 373 | 99.2 | 143.9 | 102.1 | 975.2 | 2.1 |
2022 | 581 | 100 | 315.4 | 363.6 | 2,497.7 | 8.8 | |
2023 | 783 | 99.9 | 146.0 | 107.0 | 774.8 | 0.25 | |
2024 | 483 | 99.8 | 232.5 | 195.1 | 1,003.2 | 4.3 | |
Complete ruminant feed | 2021 | 3 | 100 | 54.9 | 64.2 | 71.3 | 0 |
2022 | 3 | 100 | 107.1 | 56.1 | 224.7 | 0 | |
2023 | 21 | 100 | 48.0 | 37.4 | 145.1 | 0 | |
2024 | 10 | 100 | 80.2 | 61.7 | 170.1 | 0 | |